Hawthornes Critique of the Scarlet Letter - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1469 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Scarlet Letter Essay Did you like this example? The idea of a gender being more superior has been present throughout history and is especially present in the Puritan society which has a structure of the man being the head of the family. In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne he talks a lot about the Puritan values of sins, qualities of being a good citizen and nature and how they impact the story. Throughout the book we see character reactions and choices that reflect the society they live in. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hawthornes Critique of the Scarlet Letter" essay for you Create order Hawthorne shows his critics of the Puritan society using Hester and Dimmesdale who are the main characters and have the issues of being together as they are rejected by society. Hester has committed adultery with Dimmesdale which is regarded as a sin and Dimmesdale holds on to this secret by not revealing to the town which makes him feel guilty that Hester has to be by herself. It becomes clear to the reader that Hawthorne indeed does critique the Puritan ideology in the Scarlet Letter as Hawthorne implies most of the conflicts are the result of the strict Puritan values and towards the intolerant, hypocritical, and judgemental characteristics of the Puritan society. The Puritan values are enforced in the story by the law which will result in the conflicts and the idea of oppression. Throughout The Scarlet Letter we see Hester being outcasted for her sins when she comes out of prison she is criticized for cheating and being threatened and even one of the women saying being of mature age and church members in good repute, should have the handling of Hester Prynne(53). The law is working with the society making it more difficult to live as Hester is the target of the story. If the Puritan values were not enforced by the law the stories main plot would vanish and Hawthorne believes that this idea of a Puritan society is what makes it oppressive as they target the women more than the man. The society has a double standard that should not be in place due to the religion. Example of this are the governor who lives in a mansion and Hawthorne points this out to show that even high ranking individuals sin. Making the argument that what Hester did was no b etter than what the officials are doing as they are also going against the ideals of the Puritan society. Overall, the Puritan society enforcement of values encourages oppression. Another instance that shows how strict Puritan values is its the sole reason for the internal battles each character faces in the story. While Hester and Chillingworth were in a heated argument Chillingworth then says My finger pointed at this man,would have hurled him from his pulpit into a dungeon(178). From this one can say that Chillingworth does not like the fact Dimmesdale is not being punished. Due to the strict Puritan values the relationship between Dimmesdale and Hester is a sin and this was the cause of the whole story conflict. Hawthorne tries to hint towards sympathy in the characters to make the community hatred less present. Most of the towns people do not show this type of attitude towards Hester as they gossip about her when she walks through town. The Puritan values resulted in a the internal conflicts that could be avoided easily and this is why Hawthorne did not agree with the society as trouble starts for illogical reasons. Next, Hawthorne then starts by talking about how judgemental the Puritans are of other religions and toward those who have sin. Hawthorne then states, On the other hand, a penalty which, in our days, would infer a degree of mocking or ridicule, might then be invested with almost as stern dignity as the punishment of death itself. (Hawthorne 12). Essentially Hawthorne is trying to show that Hesters sin would not be such a big deal if she came to the present, but the Puritans saw that Hesters act was an issue that can result in someones death or punishment that would humiliate Hester. The Puritans have a tendency to judge very quickly to someones punishment if they have sinned without having the opinion of the person who has done said sin or anyone who was involved for that matter. This can be seen as Hawthorne points out in the story that the jail and cemetery are ready to be used at a give notice. Hawthorne criticizes the Puritan society by showing that the minister and people are very judgemental and are quick to blame others for actions and this is why Hawthorne sees the Puritan religion and overall culture as a flaw. Another thing Hawthorne points out in the story is that the people in the town do not take kindly to other sources of beliefs and are not very open minded to new ideas. As the Puritans believe that colonist who do not believe or convert to their religion will most likely not be accepted into Gods kingdom and they will be sent to hell and this make Hawthorne think they are arrogant as Hawthorne writes, disporting themselves in such grim fashion as the Puritan Nature would permit, playing at going to church, perchance, or at scourging Quakers, or taking scalps in a sham-fight with the Indians. (Hawthorne 70). The word usage shows a disrespect that the children have towards those who do not believe the same thing they do. This illustrates that the children in the society are raised into this mindset and that they are to disregard any sort of other facts or religion even if they seem to be more logical than their opinion. Since the Puritans are taught from their own religion and bible and not being taught this way would be a sin according to the Puritans which makes people intolerable to other beliefs since they are strict about this factor. Finally, Hawthorne criticizes the entire plot the story is based off. The reader can see this because Dimmesdale is an eloquent and respected minister, yet he is the one who committed adultery with Hester and did not confess his sin making him go against the beliefs that he should be following. And even when Dimmesdale finally admits to his own sin at the end of the story the people that are listening to him are in disbelief and they believe he is trying to be humble man in his final day of life according to the people and the Puritans praise him for this The minister well knew- subtle, but remorseful hypocrite that he was! (Hawthorne 98). Essentially it means that Dimmesdale is perhaps the most sinful in his church and knows this which makes him do actions that are questionable. Dimmesdale is torn about telling everyone about his secret and thats the reason on why he waits till the very last moment to finally confess which is a sin as well. The character Chillingworth knows what Dimmesdale has done and purposely torture him knowing full well that Dimmesdale will not confess and he takes advantage of this. Hawthorne uses Chillingworth as a person to show off the flaws of Dimmesdale and to make sure the reader knows that what Dimmesdale has done is not following the rules of the Puritan society, Dimmesdale is torn apart not telling anyone about his sin and he wanted to tell its that he is concerned about his position being taken away from him if this is revealed about himself causing him to hold on and feel guilty. Overall Hawthorne becomes a critic as he does not embrace the Puritan ideology in The Scarlet Letter and instead he deems the Puritan society with flaws and has strict values which will lead to the whole story conflict. Hawthorne shows the life of Hester Prynne and throughout the whole story is seen as an outcast and is oppressed by the whole town. Due to the oppression and the strict values the Puritans have this will result in internal conflicts between characters. Also the mixture of the law and religion interfere by making government decisions biased in favor towards the religion. In the Puritan community they show lots of resent and hatred towards Hester and Hawthorne makes the reader seem as if there is compassion. Not only does Hawthorne make the sin of Hester, but Hawthorne makes the whole town a sin they have to carry. Hawthorne uses the story of The Scarlet Letter to illustrate to the reader how close-minded the Puritans and their society are and how much corruption secretl y plagued their religion which even the minister falls for. As Nathaniel Hawthorne want to show how difficult it was for Hester to be accepted back into the society and how the Puritans do things that are unnecessary and how the peoples opinion should not shift over to her child due to her acts.

Some of the Problems India Has Had to Face - 633 Words

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When Gandhi was arrested many times and put to prison, his followers were tempted to fight back to British authorities. Gandhi fasted until he convinced his followers to stop fighting so that he would eat again. After that Gandhi thought the British authorities would free the indian people as they wanted to be. Gandhi was wrong. Brigadier General Dyer ordered his soldiers to open fire open field of people. Killing thousands of women children and men. This massacre took place in Bagh where they held theirShow MoreRelatedThe Vision Of President Patil1476 Words   |  6 PagesFor over three decades, India has experienced massive economic growth, and over the past five years, it has averaged an astounding 7% annual GDP growth rate. Conventi onal wisdom would say that this would have a deep impact on the everyday lives of Indian citizens, and it has. However, some of India’s population has received a far greater benefit than others. 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Wildwood - 6806 Words

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The Benefits of Tiberius Principate free essay sample

Assess the benefits that the Principate of Tiberius brought to Rome and the provinces in this period The Principate of Tiberius provided stability and prosperity to Rome and its provinces, consolidating the policies and practices established by Augustus. Tiberius worked cooperatively with the Senate and introduced reforms which benefited rule in the provinces and strengthened administration of the empire. While he provided careful oversight of the administration of the Roman Empire and the army, increasingly he sought to delegate his role.He distanced himself from the people with the introduction of the maiestas trials and from the central control of his government by retiring to Capri and relying on Sejanus for information. As princeps, Tiberius sought to restore the traditional rights of the Senate, consulting it on issues such as national revenue, troop movements, building, military commands and foreign policy. While he maintained control, Tiberius avoided intervening more than necessary and encouraged the senate to be an independent body, which was less dependent on the princeps. We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits of Tiberius Principate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This allowed him to be seen less like a dictator and to gain the respect of the people with their interests in mind. Tacitus mentions, â€Å"the consuls and praetors maintained their prestige†¦ the laws duly enforced†. However, Tiberius and the senate grew further apart as the senate struggled to act on its own initiative, Tacitus commenting they were â€Å"men fit to be slaves†. The senate became increasingly subservient to Tiberius, seeing him as hesitant and reserved in comparison to Augusts, which unnerved them.The senators also feared Sejanus, who had influence over Tiberius, and as a result the relationship between Tiberius and the senate was undermined. As Scullard describes, â€Å"Though at first the senate showed some real independence, it soon realised the risk of encroaching too far†. Understanding he wasn’t popular, Tiberius decided to safeguard himself against treachery and re-instituted the law of maiestas for his own security. Under this law, treason became an offense against the princeps who was regarded to represent the state. By these trials, he hoped to control the senators by fear and prevent them from expressing any opposing views.Even though Tiberius lost much of his initial respect for the senate, maintaining a workable relationship with them benefited the stability of the empire. Tiberius continued the policies Augustus had put in place, as well as introducing several beneficial reforms. He transferred the election of magistrates from the Popular Assemblies to the Senate and paid special attention to his choice of governors and civil servants, ensuring there was more control over who was given power and that they were in the position for a longer term, so they would be able to carry out their position successfully.This also allowed him to have control from a distance when he was in Rome dealing with the provinces and later when he retired to Capri. He was concerned with maintaining public order in Rome and Italy, and according to Salmon, despite his retirement to Capri â€Å"he neglected neither Italy nor the Empire. Even Rome, a place for which he entertained obvious dislikes†. Garzetti describes him as â€Å"a shrewd administrator, generous, but also economical†. In keeping the provinces stable, Tiberius aimed not at expanding the territory b ut putting money back into the already existing empire. When cities in the Asian provinces were destroyed by earthquakes, Tiberius made the inhabitants exempt from paying tax for five years, and he lent the treasury money from his own wealth. The provinces saw Rome cared for its subjects, and consequently Tiberius became very popular in the provinces. Tiberius provided large subsidies to lower grain prices, interest free loans to alleviate a financial crisis and reduced sales taxes. As well as this, he protected provinces from extortion by reforming provincial governments. Tiberius controlled finances leaving a large surplus in the treasury when he died.Cassius Dio explains â€Å"While expending extremely little for himself, he laid out very large sums for the common good†. Tiberius’s administrative policies and reforms were very beneficial to the prosperity of Rome and the provinces. One of the great benefits of Tiberius’ principate was that the empire wasn’t expanded but was consolidated. Following Augustus’ advice not to extend the empire beyond its present frontiers, except when necessary for security had meant that less troops were needed to maintain the borders and money wasn’t spent on wars.As a result, Tiberius was able to retain more money in the treasury to spend on Romanising the provinces and tying them closer to Rome. Tiberius strengthened the eastern frontiers of the empire with diplomacy rather than aggression and limited the annexation of client-kingdoms once they were Romanised. The army maintained strong allegiance to Tiberius throughout his reign, and as Tiberius had had a long and successful military career before being princeps was able to keep strict discipline amongst the legions.Scullard comments, â€Å"He was popular with the army†. Tiberius recruited soldiers from the Romanised people in the provinces a s well as the descendants of veterans as he felt the Italians who were enlisting were lazy. He also delegated any military campaigns to able generals though he took away the title of ‘Imperator’ to victorious generals, reserving it for members of the imperial family. Tiberius understood the benefits to the principate of maintaining control of a strong, well-trained army.One reform Tiberius introduced, where a permanent Praetorian Guard camp was established inside the walls of Rome, ended up having a negative impact on the principate. Previously, the guard was stationed in smaller separate camps, and by uniting them, they were much more conscious of their numbers and the power they held. Commander of the united Praetorian Guard, Sejanus, saw how his own position could be strengthened and sought to gain more influence over the princeps and the senate.Tiberius, who had a close relationship with Sejanus, didn’t realise Sejanus’ intentions of succeeding him as princeps, Tacitus mentioning â€Å"to Sejanus alone the otherwise cryptic emperor spoke fre ely and unguardedly†. When Tiberius discovered Sejanus was deceiving him, he had him killed. The influence of Sejanus over the senate and Tiberius effectively undermined the power of the principate and damaged the relationship between the princeps and the senate. Coming to power as an older man, Tiberius sensibly focused on consolidating Augustus’ rule and set about maintaining a peaceful and prosperous Principate.Keeping a cooperative relationship with the senate was crucial in allowing him to establish strong administrative, political and social reforms that ultimately benefited the people of the principate. By not expanding the frontiers Tiberius was able to focus on improving the existing territory and using a smaller army to uphold it. Enhancing the power of the Praetorian Guard and the outcome of the maiestas trials showed the weaknesses in Tiberius’ rule. However, throughout Tiberius’ reign he maintained fairly conservative policies able to benefit the people of Rome and the provinces.