Design of the The Brion Tomb by Carlos Scarpa

Design of the The Brion Tomb by Carlos Scarpa In my study I intend to explain Carlo Scarpas thinking in his design of the Tomba brion vega, his most visited work and analyse the design of each element individually and as a whole. It is a site of elegance and poetry and epitomises Carlo Scarpas use of architecture to produce meaning and feeling. Carlo Scarpa himself describes the tomb as a pathway (Unora con Carlo Scarpa The Brion Tomb is situated in the north of Italy in the village San Vito dAltivole near Treviso. It was designed for the family Brion by Carlo Scarpa after the death of Giuseppe Brion. It was commissioned by the wife of Giuseppe, Onorina Brion; together they co-founded the electronics firm Brion-Vega. Giuseppe was born in San Vito and the family owned a plot of land in the local cemetery as well as a funerary chapel which originally stood on the site. Scarpas original idea and his early work for the family was for a number of seperate tombs for different family members on the original cemetery plot. These early designs were to later incorporated in to the final design. in 1969 the family bought an L shaped plot of land wrapped around the northern and eastern sides of the existing cemetery. Acquiring this plot of land allowed Scarpa to incorporate all the family tombs into a single master plan for the Brion families resting place. Not taking with the mainline trend that with money and power when death occurs a huge shrine or monument should be erected in memorial Scarpa went the opposite way. Scarpa states I believe it is mistaken to consider the Brion Cemetery the product of a wealthy capitalist. Rather it is quite the opposite. Of course I could have just made a large statue and left the rest a lawn, but I enjoy making things doing this he avoided the narrow dictates of rationalism, choosing rather to stress inner depth, dreams, and nostalgia. In this he creates a poetic resting place as much as a sculptural memorial in a green, calming garden. In March 1970 the Plans for the site had reached their final form and planning permission was given for construction. The Cemetery was completed in 1978 and is regarded by many as Scarpas masterpiece. Below is a quote from Scarpa on his design of the Brion Tomba. I consider this work, if you permit me, to be rather good and (something) which will get better over time. I have tried to put some poetic imagination into it, though not in order to create poetic architecture but to make a certain kind of architecture that could emanate a sense of formal poetry. I mean an expressed form that can become poetry, though, as I said before, you cannot intentionally make poetry. The deceased has asked to be close to (the) Earth since he was born in this village So I decided to build a small arch, which I will call Arcosolium. Arcosolium is a Latin term from the time of the early Christians in the Catacombs. Important persons or martyrs were buried in them.) I used a more costly version I thought it (was) a good idea for two people who had loved each other to be put in such a way as to be able to greet one another, after death. Soldiers stand erect, movements are human. The Arcosolium became an arch, a bridge span, an arch of reinforced concrete and would still have looked like a bridge if I hadnt had it illustrated, I mean decorated. But instead of painting we used mosaics, A Venetian tradition that I interpreted in a different way The statement above just shows how much thought went in to the design of his lifes masterpiece. The body of the cemetery The L shaped site has 5 main focal points; the arcosolium which was of great importance was placed on the north eastern corner to in Scarpas words benefit from the best view and sunniest exposure. The arcosolium acts as a kind of visual hinge on the L shaped site joining the north and eastern sides of the site. The family graves are situated on the north wall of the site sheltered underneath a canopy which shelters them from the elements. On the south side of the L shape is a pavilion which floats over a Lilly pond. To the western end he designed square chapel which leads to a private burial ground for local priests. Another entrance way to the site was constructed close to the pavilion where the original funerary chapel stood. The site is enclosed by a 2.3m high wall. Internally the views out from the site almost become a part of the design and Looking towards the site the 60deg slope of the wall directs sight over the cemetery causing minimum obstruction of the views out from the town whilst also masking its internal parts. Scarpa acknowledged that he had captured the sense of the countryside, as the Brions wished (Scarpa 1978-84) The Arcosolium The Arcosolium in history has been situated within a catholic burial chamber. A single catacomb would contain multiple arcosolium for important people and martyrs. They are arched recesses carved from solid rock with a solid stone coffin sarcophagus to the bottom. The arch and around it were often decorated with symbolic frescoes. In the image to the left is the arcosolium which is situated in Via Latina, Cubiculum E, a catacomb in Rome. You can clearly see the arched recess to the rear and the religiously painted walls. Scarpas arcosolium is the main focal point for the whole tomb, acting as a hinge between the two perpendicular areas of the site. The two heads of the family are buried here and is therefore sited with importance and was built on the north east corner of the site. Unlike the solid arch of the historic catholic arcosolium the arch Scarpa designed is sleek and slender and is made out of concrete and bows over the sunken ground on which sit the two sepulchers. The asymetical arch has four components or visual nuances which make the whole. The arch itself is visually two parts with the vertical main arch or the backbone spanning the sepulchres and below this sits a floating plane which shelters the crypts. The backbone has four fins which run the length of the arch. These fins are closed to their underside so to shelter the occupants. The two floating planes are decoratively layered to their topside rather like the arcosolium decoration of old. These are connected to the third and fourth components of the arch by pin joints and are the two concrete plinths which sit at the two ends of the arch and ground the design and also convert the otherwise compressional structure of an arch in to a tensile structure. The plinths themselves are split in to two parts with a solid mass capping the arch and a more dynamic form ending the completed arch. The plinths are decorated not with paintings or materials but with the zig zag form which dominates the cemetary. The two concerete plinths are orthogonally stepped three dimensionally lessening with weight the further away from the arch they are. Below the arch the two sepulchres sit in a sunken circular bowl which is sheltered by the arch above. Originally this circular base plate was to be surrounded by a water channel emanating from the north pool. The tombs themselves are made out of two tone marble with the sides facing each other being ebony, the top layer a speckled, black marble and the bottom layer a more grained white marble. The ebony planks on the facing planes of the coffins give them a softer touch. The two crypts are sat side by side underneath the arch and lean to each other as though they were trying to touch. This is also reiterated on the underside of the masses. Scarpa not wanting to ground the two objects too much curved the underside of them making them seem moveable and not stuck to the ground. Scarpa described it like this It is as it should be that the two people who loved each other in life to bend toward each other in greeting after death. A sense of Scarpas romance can be seen here. In Yutak Saitos book Carlo Scarpa, he describes how the two sepulchres are perceived to float like two boats beneath the arch. This is reminiscent of the buildings of Scarpas beloved Venice. Whilst under the arch the coloured glass tiles can be seen. Yutak Saito says The ceiling of the arch is covered in glass tiles, giving the sense of celestial brilliance The glass tiles run either side of an onyx strip which runs down the middle of the four fins of the arch, these omit a milky white translucence . Brion Tomba graveyard entrance The entrance lies down an avenue of trees which run the old Village Cemetery. Upon approach the first thing noticed is the two intersecting circles which lay at the end of the small corridor and their framed picture of the lawn and the ivy covered wall beyond. The entrance is sat beside other existing tombs and its scale is as those of the existing tombs. This gives the Brion Tomb a tardis like feel once inside having entered through here. The entrance is decorated with a zigzag design like the arcosolium with horizontal slices through the mass in which the sky or in Scarpas eye the heavens can be seen. On entering the square entrance opens up like a cave and upon speaking strange echoes bounce off the zigzagged inside. Again horizontal slices allow the sight of the heavens whilst inside this dark entrance way. Four steps lead up to the corridor beyond. These are slightly offset to the left hand side giving you a sense of direction in which one should travel. This small gesture The intersecting circles at the end of the corridor are rimmed with red and blue glass tiles. They signify the earth and the heavens and the earth and the intersected section signifies the spiritual world which may lie in between. You can also see this looking through the two circles with the green grass signifying the earth the sky the havens and the grey concrete wall which splits the two the spiritual world. With these two connotations Scarpa wanted to instil a sense of how close the three worlds are and how they intersect with each other. The corridor splits left and right now. The left hand side is brighter and beckons you down, another path indicator of which Scarpa is well known for. Looking down the corridor the left hand side of the arcosolium can be seen with the countryside in the background and the corrid or opens a few metres down. It opens to the right with the left hand side continuing further. At the transitional point between open and closed a water course continues the line of the structure which runs down in to the arcosolium adjacent to the walkway. Along this walkway are a set of offset steps which lead up to the grazed area above. These steps are of different thicknesses with each possessing a different sound when treaded upon. If you turn right at the corridor the path leads you down a darkened corridor which opens up onto a floating path which leads to the raised pavilion, the pavilion sits on the pond that feeds the watercourse. The Pavillion The pavilion sits on the north side of the site above a shallow body of water. At a distance it seems to float above the water. It is supported by a set of slender steel columns which rise out of the water. The idea behind the pavilion was to create a canopy under which the souls of the dead may enter to mediate. It is accessed via the main entrance way along a thin dark corridor and then through a glass door which is opened with an elaborate system of pulleys which are visible on the other side of the wall to the glass door. The top of the pavilion is clad in timber and Yutaka Saito in his book Carlo Scarpa notes the similarities in the depth and emphasis of the design relating to the series of torri gates of the fushimi Inari Shrine in Kyoto. Below the weathered timber box sits a thin metallic modesty panel painted green and is textured with a pattern of nails which softens the strong material making the space more comfortable. From its exterior the pavilion looks like a solid structure and a sense of weight is felt on sight but the innards are hollow which lets light pass down in to the space where underneath sits a bench on which Scarpa imagined the spirits could rest after they have had their playtime in the surrounding gardens of the cemetery. Its openness gives a connection between the spirit world and ours allowing passageway of souls in to it. Underneath the pavilion a small seating area is found for the spirits and this sits on a small jetty which seems to float a few centimetres above the pond. This may not be a piece of aesthetic design but a great knowledge of how water and construction materials react over time with staining and corrosion. This can also be seen on the back wall of the pavilion with it seeming to float just above the water level. Use of water Carlo Scarpa was of Venetian origin and this influenced his designs in that water and the effects it caused were often key elements of his designs. Bodies of water and/or water courses were elemental. He spent most of his life in Venice, wandering down its narrow gangways with buildings either floating on or reflected in water; a world changing with the ebb and flow of the tides. The brion tomb is no exception with Scarpa designing two pools at opposing ends of the site which were to be connected by thin streams that would weave inbetween the tombs connecting them with a sense of life or movement of the flowing water. A relationship between the lagoon and the canal can be envisioned here. The concept was not fully designed in but can still be seen in the form of a channel running between the pavilion and the arcosolium. Being from Venice Scarpa knew the effect of the tide and how this could effect materials and sometimes whole structures, submerging their lower floors on some occasions and the water course and pool in the cemetery were designed to avert flooding the adjacent spaces when it rains. The pools themselves are rather shallow being only half a metre in depth at their deepest point with the zig-zag pattern leading down to the lowest point giving the water a sense of volume and a place for the sun to play in, creating moving shadows and reflections of the surrounding structures during daytime hours. There are a number of water channels on the site. They all flow to the arcosolium and narrow as they get closer. This narrowing of the channels give the feeling of a sense of momentum and in essence, life. Brion Family Tomb The small family tomb is situated on the south side of the site and sits against the exterior wall giving a sense of shade for its occupants. It is a triangular shaped structure with a small entrance to the west. The entranceway is small and was designed so that to enter one must bow as a sign of respect to the deceased occupants. Internally the space is small yet the horizontal slits in the form allow the external openness to join with the internal space. The roof of the tomb narrows towards the top with a slice taken out at its peak. This was again the idea that the spirits could roam freely around the site and come back to their resting places for repose. The chapel and Sacristy The chapel sits on the east of the site and its importance is emphasised by the continual vertical planes that cut through the horizontal plane of the flat lawn. This emphasis shows its hierarchy and label the structure as being the building of most importance. There are two entrances to the chapel, one through the gardens and the second which is used for more formal occasions such as church mass. The entrance through the gardens shows this hierarchy the most, the tall walls create a strong vertical volume to travel down. Two small steps are at the entranceway and act as a transition between the less formal garden space and the more formal chapel beyond. On the left hand side wall a grid pattern of concrete lines was formed with 10mm recesses in which layers of plaster were trowelled and then polished which reflects light down the corridor. On this wall the door to the private sacristy can be found and follows the same grid patten as the walls slightly camouflaging it to identify its privacy. At the end of the corridor stands a large steel and plaster sliding lattice door reminiscent of the style of Otto Wagner of whom Scarpa was a fan and the traditional Japanese screen. Beyond the doors stands the chapel and the chinese style threshold that leads in to it which allows for the easy passage of coffins and on occasion to cope with a large numbers of people. The predominant material used in the construction of the chapel was again layered concrete. The floor is made of small cobble like stones which run at a 45deg angle to the room towards the alter. Two marble steps lead up to the alter and junctions between the materials was planned meticulously. The journey was very important in the planning of the site and all the senses were thought of when designing. Although the site is made up of lots of separate elements they are all part of the whole and are linked by pathways sometimes physical and sometimes psychological. http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Brion-Vega_Cemetery.html

The Great Digital Divide Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Great Digital Divide The digital divide is defined as the gap between the information ‘haves’, the information ‘have-lates’, and the information ‘have-nots’. This disparity has arguably persevered from as early as the advent of the Gutenberg printing press, and continues to be pervasive and to flourish in the present day. There are many individuals who commonly perceive the digital divide to be solely comprised of the disparity of access to computers and the Internet, but this is not the sole case. It is vitally important to recognize that the digital divide is not only comprised of an access inequality to computers and the Internet, but additionally encompasses the right of use to other telecommunications or technological devices; for instance, cellular telephones, satellites, and even spanning into basic cable services for the rather universal activity of television watching. In chronological order, the following expose will present a comprehensive considerati on of the premises of the digital divide, the cohorts affected and stratified by the digital divide, and finally the notions or initiatives that have been taken in an effort to halt this ever-widening gap. As aforementioned, in general, the digital divide consists of a disparity in access to technology. In more complex terminology, it is the abyss in access to technology tools and related learning opportunities, most commonly imposed by socioeconomic status, race, gender, and so forth (Digital Divide Network, 2002). Knowledgeable critics have typically sub-divided those affected by the digital divide into a triad of distinct assemblies; the ‘haves’, ‘have-lates’, and ‘have-nots’ (Globalization: The Reader, p. 81). ‘Haves’ include individuals w... ...obalization: The Reader. Routledge Publishing: New York, 2000. â€Å"Digital Divide.† PBS. (2002). Available Online: http://www.pbs.org/digitaldivide/. â€Å"Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide.† National Telecommunications & Information Administration. (1999). Available Online: http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn99/contents.html. Gauntlett, David. Web Studies. Arnold Publishing: New York, 2000. Sargent, Mark. â€Å"Community Technology Centers: A National Movement to Close the Digital Divide.† Digital Divide Network. (2002). Available Online: http://www.digitaldividenetwork.org/content/stories/index.cfmkey=245. â€Å"Kofi Annan: IT Industry Must Help Bridge Global Digital Divide.† Digital Divide Network. (2003). Available Online: http://www.digitaldividenetwork.org/content/stories/index.cfm?key=272.

Ibsen `The Dolls House` Essay

The theme of Ibsen’s ‘The Doll’s House’ is the rights of an individual to live his life in his own way which is more important than the conventions and codes of society, understanding and love are the essential ingredients for a happy married life. The theme is present in the play through the presentation of the married life of Nora and her husband. The significance of the theme is that if too much importance is given to the norms of society than to individual freedom, his emotions and feeling, it brings disaster as shown in the play. The theme of ‘The Doll’s House’ by Ibsen is depicted mainly through the characters of Nora, and her husband Helmer. Nora breaks the rules of society initially to save his husband’s life and finally leaves her home, her husband and children to educate herself. Helmer on the other hand lives his life by strictly adhering to the rules of society. He is unable to understand his wife’s feelings and emotions and so his wife leaves him forever. Their marriage breaks down because they lacked understand and love which are required for a happy married life. In Ibsen’s ‘The Doll’s House’, Nora is the protagonist who lives the life of a dutiful wife and mother as approved by society. She plays her role beautifully which is restricted to activities like creating a beautiful home, meeting the needs of her husband and children and singing and dancing prettily and seductively for her husband. She is portrayed in the play as a helpless creature; Helmer towards the end of the play calls her his ‘helpless darling’. She is also thought as a housewife protected by her husband from the troubles and burdens of life (said by her friend Mrs. Linde). However, when crisis strikes, she acts as a man. She herself takes the decision. She borrows a large sum of money from a man named Krogstad to save her husband’s life. She spares her dying father from the worry of his son-in-law’s heath. She forges her father’s signature, (the male member of the family who was supposed to act as a guarantor) and procures the money. She follows the advice of the doctor and takes Helmer to the south, to Italy to recover his health. The loan caused a lot of worry for her. She suppressed her desires for finery, saves a little from housekeeping money and worked in the evening till late at night to pay the loan back. She sometimes felt very tired but in spite of all her struggles, she felt great happiness in working and earning money. As she tells her friend: ‘It was like being a man’, (Ibsen’s ‘The Doll’s House’). On the other hand, Torvald Helmer, her husband strictly follows the rules of the society. He considers his wife Nora as a plaything and his possession. He worries about the reaction of the people in the bank, when his wife Nora requests him to allow Krogstad to keep his position in the bank. They are already aware that he will dismiss Krogstad, so if they come to know that the new manager has changed his mind at his wife’s request, he will become a laughing stock in their eyes. Helmer tells Nora that: â€Å"Do you suppose I am going to make myself ridiculous before my whole staff, to let people think that I am a man to be swayed by all sorts of outside influence? †, (Ibsen’s ‘The Doll’s House’). At the end, when Helmer receives the letter from Krogstad revealing Nora’s crime of forgery, he is inconsolable: â€Å"What a horrible awakening! All these eight years–she who was my joy and pride–a hypocrite, a liar–worse, worse–a criminal! †,(Ibsen’s ‘The Doll’s House’). He not only abuses her but also blames her father: â€Å"all your father’s want of principle has come out in you. No religion, no morality, no sense of duty†, (Ibsen’s ‘The Doll’s House’). We find from the play that Helmer is more concerned about the disgrace that he may face in society more than the seriousness of crime that Nora commits. He blames Nora for the mishap: â€Å"He can make the affair known everywhere; and if he does, I may be falsely suspected of having been a party to your criminal action. Very likely people will think I was behind it all–that it was I who prompted you! † (Ibsen’s ‘The Doll’s House’). He decides to appease Krogstad in one way or another and shut up the matter at all cost. He believed that because of this incident, they can no longer share a close relationship as before and also he cannot allow her near his children. But still he wants Nora to continue staying under his roof as his wife for the sake of appearance to the world. As he is afraid that he will be stigmatized by society. However, later when he receives the second letter from Krogstad stating that the man repents for his action and has returned the bond, he calms down. Helmer realizes that he is saved from disgrace and thus he becomes the loving husband as before. He changes his stance, he forgives his wife. However, the damage is done. Disaster strikes the family; he loses his wife and mother of his children. On the other hand, Nora does not live her life according to the dictates of society. She breaks away her traditional role of a devoted wife and loving mother. She leaves Helmel and frees herself from the bondage of marriage. Thus she outrage society and stigmatize herself. In the play, Nora and Helmer look on the outside as a happy married couple. However at the end of the play, the curtain moves away to show a more realistic picture of marriage. As Nora realizes at the end of the play, there is a lack of understanding and love between the couple. Helmer considers Nora as his doll and his treasure. He also wants her to act according to his wishes. He tells Nora after he forgives her: â€Å"There is something so indescribably sweet and satisfying, to a man, in the knowledge that he has forgiven his wife–forgiven her freely, and with all his heart. It seems as if that had made her, as it were, doubly his own†, (Ibsen’s ‘The Doll’s House’). As Nora mentions, they could not understand each other even after eight years of marriage. Nora understands that her husband is a man with strong opinions about the role of woman in family and that his male ego would be hurt if he finds out about her secret loan. Also that he is very possessive about her. But she is unaware of the fact that her husband is a narrow-minded and selfish man. Helmer also fails to understand Nora. He does not realize Nora’s motive behind forging her father’s signature. He failed to understand his wife’s deep love for him which compelled her to borrow such a large amount in the first place. In the play, it is evident that Nora loves her husband and Helmer has great affection for Nora. But their love and affection for each other is not strong enough to keep them together in marriage. In the play, ‘The Doll’s House’ by Ibsen, Torvald lives his life by the guidelines that are acceptable and respectable to society. He is concerned more about his wife’s attractive looks and the beautiful appearance of his home than for his wife’s happiness. So his marriage breaks down. Nora realizes that she has imbibed the tastes and opinions of his husband and thus has lived a life according to his terms. She always though she was happy but was never really happy but rather jolly. Nora leaves her husband and her family and goes away to live her life according to her own terms. She wants to educate herself, to understand herself and everything around her. She goes away to fulfill her duties to herself which come before her duties as a wife and mother. She wants to understand who is right, the world or herself. The significance of the theme is beautifully presented in the play. Work Citation: â€Å"A Doll’s House†. Novelguide. com. 18 June 2008. â€Å"A Doll’s House†. Henrik Ibsen. 18 June 2008

Database Systems and Data Management Essay - 2764 Words

Table of Contents , 1. Introduction 3 2. Data Management 3 2.1 Database 3 2.2 Database Systems 3 2.2.1 Requirement modeling 4 2.2.2 Schema design : 4 2.2.3 Implementation 4 2.3 Project 4 3. Data Mining 5 3.1 Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ITCS 6162) 5 3.1.1 Association rules 6 3.1.2 Classification 7 3.1.3 Clustering 7 3.1.3.1 Partitioning methods 8 3.1.3.2 Hierarchical methods 8 3.1.4 Anomaly Detection 8 3.1.4.1 Graphical based 9 3.1.4.2 Statistical based 9 3.1.4.3 Distance based 9 3.2 Knowledge Based Systems (ITCS 6155) 9 3.2.1 Information Systems 9 3.2.2 Query Languages and their Semantics 10 3.2.3 Project 11 4. Conclusion 12 5. References 12 1. Introduction Databases always used to fascinate me from†¦show more content†¦In this file processing system the data is defined as a part of application program. So the program works only for the specific data. Database System is an application program that can access the database by sending queries or requests to the DBMS. DBMS-Database Management System is a collection of software programs used to define, construct, maintain and manipulate data in a database. The DBMS defines a Data Definition Language-DDL for declaring and modifying the schema, a Data Manipulation Language-DML for Querying and modifying the data. Mundane operations on data are automated in the DBMS so that we dont have to program over and over for a specific data and we can write complex data manipulations in just few lines. it also makes concurrent access/manipulations possible so that many users can use data at the same time. DBMS uses three steps in building a database application. 2.2.1 Requirement modeling: It is a Conceptual model(ER-Model). This step decides on what entities should be part of the application and how they should be linked depending on its relationship with other entities. 2.2.2 Schema design: In this phase the Relational schema and relational tables are designed from the ER-model. It decides on the set of tables and attributes that have to be included in the schema. It defines the required tables in the database and populates the database. 2.2.3 Implementation: It Implements the database application in a Database specific programming languageShow MoreRelatedData Modeling For A Relational Database Management System1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe need to store and evaluate data is a perpetually growing field in the world of information systems. From the days of using flat files to very large database management systems that store petabytes of data in real time, the practice of building information from data continues to evolve. Today, the relational data model is quite ubiquitous and is used in a plethora of information systems ranging from accounting systems, banks, retail business, and scientific usage. It is important to understandRead MoreHow Database Management Systems Help Consolidate And Standardize Large Files Of Data1932 Words   |  8 PagesAchieving data independence o Comprehensive date security o Quick updating of data o Establishing data relationships It is difficult for the companies to develop and control the database. Database Management Systems help organizations to consolidate and standardize large files of data. Advantages of DBMS 1. Improved data security – Whenever in an organization the number of users accessing the data increases, risk of data security increase simultaneously. (Ramakrishnan, Gehrke 2003) DBMS provideRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval1367 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer A database management system (DBMS) is the main software tools of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance and use of the databases of an organization and its end users. Information retrieval is a system that to provide the relevant information based on the user needed. This process can be find through the passwords or keywords or queryRead MoreDescription Of A Database Management System999 Words   |  4 Pages A database is a collection of information sequenced and organized in such a way that the computer may be able to source and access it on demand by the operator. Like any other management system, a database management system is a collection of programs and protocols that enable the user to enter, sequence, organize, retrieve and select data on demand. Thus, a database management system (abbreviated as DBMS) can be defined as the cumulated system that helps the user to access and make effective useRead Moredatabase management system and information retrieval system1100 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. A database management system in the main software tool of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance, and use of the database of an organization and its users. The three major functions of a database management system are first to create new database and database application. Second to maintain the quality of the data in an organized database. And last toRead MoreAn Overview Of Distributed Database Management System769 Words   |  4 Pagesof Distributed database management system In the current situation, the used of distributed network is increasing day by day. Due to its increasing demand, the requirement for improvement in distributed database management system is in high peak. Database designer and developer are working hard to meet the ongoing demand of distributed database management system. Distributed Database Management System (DDBMS) is a centralized database application that manage the distributed database and synchronizeRead MoreTechnology Is All Around Us1552 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology, large amounts of data are being collected. Data, as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is facts of information used usually to calculate, analyze, or plan something. Data is being collected almost everywhere and anywhere; students, teachers, businesses, scientist, bankers, car salesmen, just to name a few, all collect data. Database management systems were created to manage and store the data so it is accessible to the user. Huge amounts of data are being obtained regardingRead MoreUse of Database Management Systems to Meet Business Needs.1421 Words   |  6 PagesUse of database management systems to meet business needs. Submitted By: Course Title: Strategic Planning for Database Systems Date: Introduction Globalization and increased speed in business intensify competition, and most firms need to continuously innovate to ensure long term competitiveness. (Bjork and Magnusson, 2009) In the last couple of years business has seen huge transformations from the way it is conducted. Any small business may eventually grow into a bigger one or mayRead MoreDatabase Management Systems676 Words   |  3 PagesDatabase Management Systems A database management system (DBMS) is computer software designed for the purpose of managing databases. Typical examples of DBMSs include Oracle, IBMs DB2, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, 4th Dimension and FileMaker. DBMSs are typically used by Database administrators in the creation of Database systems. DBMS enables the user to store, modify, and extract information from a database(Tenner, 2005). There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging fromRead MoreDatabase Management System And Microsoft Sql Server Vs. Teradata754 Words   |  4 PagesDBMS Database Management System or DBMS is a collecting computer program used for creating, deleting, editing and maintaining collections of different data records. There are many different types of database management systems; they are used to stored, managed database model. Different DBMS systems are Relational Database System, Flat Files Base Database Management, Hierarchical Database Management Systems, Network Database Management System and Object-oriented Database Management Systems. ()

The Affordable Care Act. How Important Is Your Health To

The Affordable Care Act How important is your health to you? One day you are here, the next you are gone. Health care by law is needed and ought to be granted to everyone. The Affordable Care Act also known as ACA, was signed lawfully by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Health care is essential to everyone’s needs; essentially most less fortunate individuals depend on this health care due to its affordability. This act covers insurance coverage that impacts a consumers well-being and financial stability. The Affordable Care Act should not be replaced because this act is helping improve the health status of U.S. citizens. The Affordable Care Act was put in place to help individuals with income below 138% of the federal poverty†¦show more content†¦The quality of the health care confidently influences a country’s health outcome. The ACA aimed at achieving the expansion of access to being affordable. The legislation part of the act attempts to reform the healthcare system. The new reform takes account of new benefits, funding, education, spending, new jobs, taxes, rights and protections, and rules for insurance companies. These new reforms were created to help society and its people well-being. There are ten titles of The Affordable Care Act which contain sections of provision that reforms the health care system. Title I: provides affordable health care for all Americans. Title II: plays the role of public programs. Title III: improves the quality and efficiency of health care. Title IV: prevents chronic disease and improves public health. Title V: health care workforce. Title VI: transp arency and program integrity. Title VII: improves access to innovative medical therapies. Title VIII: provides community living assistance services and supports. Title IX: revenue provisions. Title X: reauthorization of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act. These title give an overview of exactly what the Affordable Care Act applies to. The article ‘The Affordable Care Act and Consumer Well-Being: Known and Unknowns’ verifies, â€Å"We examine extent research on what is known about how insurance coverage impacts consumerShow MoreRelatedHealth Insurance Began In The 1930’S When The Great Depression1494 Words   |  6 Pages Health insurance began in the 1930’s when the Great Depression hit the United States. After the great depression it became very noticeable that health coverage was needed to protect the people and get them the health care treatment they needed. Too many people were dying of sickness and not able to afford the treatment. It wasn’t until the government tried to create some type of insurance to help with these costs. Medicare was created in 1965 for the elderly citizens. At that time there was alsoRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesTo what extent should the Affordable Care Act â€Å"Obama Care†, be the responsibility of the Federal government, and not the burden of the state under the guidelines of Federalism? In the past years down to 2008 we the people have heard conflicting arguments about the Affordable Care Act, also known as â€Å"Obama Care†. Obama Care is a health insurance plan ran by the federal government. A health insurance plan in which everyone in the United States is eligible to have weather you are rich, middle classRead MorePublic Health And Health Care Act1699 Words   |  7 PagesPublic health has had a big impact on government and policies. Public health played an important part in history. For centuries, it was realized that polluted water, improper disposal of waste can lead to dangerous health disaster such as the black plague. In order to avoid similar disaster, the government and private companies provide various services such as health care and health insurance in an attempt to protect the public and prologue human life. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act alsoRead MorePublic Perception Of Health Care986 Words   |  4 PagesPUBLIC PERCEPTION Health Care Policy Personal VIBES and opinion about the policy: Personally, I support the Affordable Care Act (ACA) which allows all citizens to have access to health care. The Affordable Care Act allows citizens to have control over their health care and choose the health insurance that is best for them. This act forces health care providers to stop excluding citizens due to pre-existing health conditions, and offers medical care that will hopefully prevent illnesses. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act809 Words   |  4 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). With this act in place, president Obama promised that he would make quality, affordable health care not a privilege, but a right. Before the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed into law, â€Å"over 30 million Americans were currently without health care coverage for themselves and their families.† Said Toni Scherling, a nurse practitioner at the North Memorial Hospital in Maple Grove Minnesota. Imagine how your li fe would be like ifRead MoreObamacare And The Affordable Care Act1061 Words   |  5 Pages The Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare or ACA, is the health reform law enacted in 2010 by Congress. The official name of this reform is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Many provisions of the law are already in effect and the rest are going to continue to develop until 2022. After a year of intense political wrangling, the health reform initiative was passed by Congress. Even though it falls short of providing universal coverage, it is unlike the Clinton proposal. TheRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction of the Affordable Care Act â€Å"Obama Care† made the Health Care System in the United States better or worse? Please provide evidence, statistics, information, argument to support your answer. In your answer, please address the following issues in the Health Care System of the United States: 1. The Quality of health care 2. The Access to health care 3. The affordability of health care Affordable Health Care Act Affordable Health care has been an ongoingRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as ObamaCare, is a United States law that was signed by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 and upheld by the Supreme Court on June 28, 2012. This Act was set to reform both healthcare and health insurance industries in the United States. It aims to lower cost on coverage, add new benefits, and a few new taxes. Increasing the quality, availability, and affordability of private and public health insurance are very important roles of the ACA. While tryingRead MoreU.s. Government Aid Act Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesPresidential candidate Hillary Clinton, Health care has been in the forefront in U.S politics in the last 10 years due to the Affordable Care Act which passed leading to mixed results. This topic has divided political parties where the Republic party have gone against the passing of Obama Care and have considered it a failure. The push for more affordable health care is not the only issue facing the U.S. Government aid, it has been drastically cut leading to many free health services to be scarce. This isRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act And African Americans1098 Words   |  5 PagesObama signed the Affordable Care Act. The law puts in place comprehensive health insurance reforms that will roll out over four years and beyond. There are many parts to this healthcare act but I am just going to focus on a few I find the most relevant. The first topic I am going to cover is how the Health Care Law benefits us as people. The law lays this out by having a better value for us as people, having a stronger Medicare program, prom ising to provide us better health care with better options

Plea Bargains Criminal Justice System - 1510 Words

In the United States today, plea bargains are the way in which the majority of the criminal court cases get resolved. â€Å"Plea bargains are extraordinarily common in the American legal system, accounting for roughly 90% of all criminal cases. Many countries, however, do not allow plea bargains, considering them unethical or immoral† (â€Å"Plea Bargains: In Depth†). A plea bargain is an agreement that is made in a criminal case between the prosecutor and the defendant; normally, the defendant pleads guilty in exchange for a lighter sentence than he or she could have received if convicted on the charges at trial. Plea bargaining is often justified by reasons such as the overabundance of cases in the United States criminal justice system, overworked prosecutors, and the cost of a trial. Thus, plea bargains benefit the criminal justice system and the defendant, however, they may not always be in the best interest of the victim or society at large. In addition, plea bar gains may entice some innocent defendants to accept a deal for fear of the potential of receiving a harsher sentence at trial. This presents an ethical dilemma for those in the American criminal justice system as to whether plea bargains should be used. Throughout this essay, I will examine the ethical issues presented by plea deals in the article â€Å"The Innocent Defendant’s Dilemma: As Innovative Empirical Study of Plea Bargaining’s Innocence Problem† which appeared in the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (DervanShow MoreRelatedThe Plea Bargain Is A Vital Part Of The Criminal Justice System1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe plea bargain is a vital part of the criminal justice system today. Before the 1800s when an offender was caught there would be a trial and verdict. The plea bargain are for defendant s to plead guilty to a lesser offense or to at least one charge especially if there are multiple indictments. Defendants will plead guilty in hopes of le niency, and at least 90 percent of criminal cases end in a plea bargains. A majority of criminal cases in many jurisdictions will end in a plea bargaining. InRead MorePlea-Bargains: Currency of the Courts An Examination of the Effectiveness of Plea-Bargain Within our Court Systems1477 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Rahim Jaffer case heads for plea-bargain†; former Alberta MP Rahim Jaffer was being charged on cocaine possession and drunk-driving charges; his case was likely to be resolved with a plea-bargain agreement (Makin, 2010). This is but one case of many that are settled though a plea-bargain agreement. Plea-bargaining can take the form of a sentence reduction, a withdrawal or stay of other charges, or, a promise not proceed on other charges, in exchange for a guilty plea by an accused. During discussionRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Plea Bargaining1302 Words   |  5 PagesPlea Bargaining: Even though plea bargaining is regarded as an imperfect way for dispensing justice, it still holds an undecided position in the criminal justice system. This is mainly because this concept does not necessarily represent mutual satisfaction or recognition of the merits and demerits of the charges and defenses in court cases. While it may take place any time before a verdict is presented in certain jurisdictions, plea bargaining tends to occur before trial. Actually, most of theRead MoreGood, Bad And Ugly Of Plea Bargaining849 Words   |  4 PagesGood, Bad and Ugly of Plea Bargaining More than 90 percent of criminal convictions come from negotiated pleas, also known as, plea bargaining. Plea bargains are used every day at both the federal and state court level. They certainly have their â€Å"proponents† as well as their â€Å"opponents†. A plea bargain basically is any agreement in a criminal case between the prosecutor and defendant whereby the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a particular charge in return for some concession from the prosecutorRead MoreIs Plea For The Criminal Justice System?1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe question of â€Å"whether Plea deals are at all effective or do they just erode the criminal justice system?† has been raised for some time now. Plea bargaining has been closely scrutinized for many years by individuals who believe in justice being served within our courtrooms and fair-mindedness. I believe that plea bargains not only cripple and deteriorate our justice system but it negates justice altogether. My reasoning’s for disagreeing with Canada’s plea bargaining is people are being pressuredRead MoreFunctions Of The Criminal Court System1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe function of the criminal courts in society is to control social order and protect the community. The criminal justice system is always changing because of updated laws. The criminal court has five components; the judge, the prosecutor, defendant lawyer, the defendant and the juror. Each component works together to provide the best result for both defendant and society. There are a few models inside the criminal court system that help depict the usefulness of how the courts work. Two of theseRead MoreIs The Judicial System Broken?1062 Words   |  5 Pages Rough Draft Law 206 Prof. Heller 12/02/2014 Is the Judicial System broken? In 1789, each of the thirteen states had already establish a judicial system such as criminal and civil cases. The United States Constitution is the original document in which it established fundamental laws for the national government as well as protecting the right of the citizens. The U.S Constitution was designed to avoid too much power in the system of checks and balances. As years went by, the Constitution beganRead MorePlea Bargainning Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is plea bargaining? Plea bargaining is the pre-trial negotiation, which takes place in a criminal procedure. During this procedure the defendant and has his attorney sits on one side, and the prosecutor is on the other. The defendant either agrees to plead guilty or no contest to a crime. Another element for plea bargaining would also be because the defendant reveals information such as location of stolen goods, names of others participating in the crime or admission of other crime(s), suchRead MorePlea Barg ain1613 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years plea bargaining has become the way for the Administration of Justice in America and Canada’s criminal trials. Accused criminals are giving up the rights to a fair trial, to indeed plead guilty, in order to receive a much lesser charge, more comfortable prison, or even to agree to testify against someone else. Fewer than ten percent of criminal cases brought up by the federal government even make it to the federal courts to be tried before juries each year. â€Å"According to one legalRead MoreWhat is plea bargaining? Essay890 Words   |  4 Pageswith each other. In a nutshell, this is plea bargaining. Imagine that the person a few spots ahead of you is a prosecutor and the cashier is the defendant in court. It is the exact same thing. Plea bargaining is a term used when the two parties reach a mutual agreement in a court of law. Usually it involves a little bit of give, and a little bit of take from both parties, but in the e nd both sides are able to reach a mutual agreement. If people think of plea bargaining as a negative impact on our

Essays on Generoso Pharmaceutical and Chemicals Inc. Essay Example For Students

Essays on Generoso Pharmaceutical and Chemicals Inc. Essay Management and Leadership : Generoso Pharmaceutical Company Abstract : This paper examines the management and leadership of David Generoso to Generoso Pharmaceutical Company in order to become productive and successful . This paper will discuss the following : First this paper will examine the roles and responsibilities of leaders in creating and maintaining a healthy organizational culture . Second , paper will differentiate between management and leadership . Third , this paper will describe the roles that organizational managers and leaders play in creating and maintaining a healthy organizational culture . Fourth , this paper will explain how the four functions of management support the creation and maintenance of a healthy organizational culture . Finally , this paper recommends at least two strategies that organizational managers and leaders can use to create and maintain a healthy organizational culture . This research paper in an organization or in any business enterprise management should be fused with leadership . Management would not be effective if managers do not know how to lead his /her subordinates . Managers should know how to influence and motivate their employees into doing the right and the best thing for the company . In the ase of Generoso Pharmaceutical and Chemicals Inc . although David is the one who opened all the doors of new opportunities for GPC , the smooth flow of the operations of his company should also be credited to his general manager James Smith . James being more client oriented and having as David Generoso once said a fanatical belief on the goodness of man . This characteristics of Rafael greatly motivates employees within the firm which was very apparent since no inter problems was noted within the firm . BRIEF COMPANY PROFILE : GENEROSO PHARMACEUTICAL AND CHEMICALS INC . The GPC was established in 1978 by David Generoso and James Smith . They both are former medical sales representatives , selling pharmaceutical products of large pharmaceutical manufacturing firms . The initial capital of the company is P300 . 00 with a dozen of bottles from the pharmaceutical firms which they have been connected before . During its incorporation in 1982 its P12 ,000 ,000 . The company was initially just engaged in selling but they soon ventured into manufacturing and distribution of pharmaceutical products , cosmetics and veterinary products as right after their incorporation . In 1984 an American principal supplier of raw materials became GPC s supplier of raw material . At present the company is now engaged in the importation and distribution of raw materials , as well as in raw material indenting . At present the company has a present value of P40 ,000 ,000 . David Generoso was the President of GPC while James Smith was appointed as the General Manager . Elizabeth Generoso , David Generoso s wife was handled all of the financial aspects of the company being a CPA and a registered Nurse by profession . Being the president David was in charge in meeting and dealing with the different suppliers of raw materials , finished products and packaging supplies . He is also the one who always travels abroad in search of new technologies and breakthroughs in the fields of pharmaceutical Generoso Robert Reyteran Prof. Alberto Cayco BSA-1I September 23, 2009 Case 1 Generoso Pharmaceuticals Chemicals, Inc. Statement of the Problem To determine the possible actions the Generoso Pharmaceuticals Chemicals, Inc. should take in order to stay in competition and where to find additional capital. Areas of Consideration (SWOT ANALYSIS) Strengths * Liquidity of the Company * Ready for expansion * A wide supply for raw materials * Conservative cash management policies Opportunities A good project * Contacts in the Us who provides supply * Â   A large area for expansion Weaknesses * Less quality of their products * Expansions are too costly * Lack of additional capital * Poor management Threats * Stability of the economy * Risky project because its too costly * Fast turnover of participants in the industry * Alternative Courses of Action 1. GPC can borrow money from banks or other financial intermediaries, and they can hire Filipino chemist who is less expensive but still has the quality. Advantages: a. It will be less risky b. It will cost less and support our Filipino chemists .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 , .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 .postImageUrl , .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 , .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03:hover , .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03:visited , .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03:active { border:0!important; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03:active , .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03 .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9a3740f8b5f5910cc62e37987b37ea03:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Roswell Cinematic Essay Bill BrownDisadvantages: a. Its quality is at risk 2. GPC should accept the project. Advantages: a. It will make the company stay in competition b. Creditors will provide the needed budget Disadvantages: a. It is too costly and risky 3. GPC should not accept the project and stay small Advantages: a. It will cost less and less risky for the company Disadvantages: a. It will not make us competitive Recommendation I therefore recommend that the best alternative action is to accept the proposal of the project for Generoso Pharmaceuticals Chemicals, Inc. in order for them to stay in competition and reputation.